Managerial Leadership Vs. Transformational Leadership

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Managerial leadership 

Caldwell (1992:16-17) 

1. Goal setting; 
2. Needs identification; 
3. Priority-setting; 
4. Planning; 
5. Budgeting; 
6. Implementing; and 
7. Evaluating.


Transformational leadership 

Leithwood (1994) 

1. Building school vision; 
2. Establishing school goals; 
3. Providing intellectual stimulation; 
4. Offering individualized support; 
5. Modeling best practices and important organizational values; 
6. Demonstrating high-performance expectations; 
7. Creating a productive school culture; and 
8. Developing structures to foster participation in school decisions.