QUALITY OF EDUCATION: KEY INDICATORS FOR EDUCATIONAL QUALITY ANALYSIS
Introduction Quality of education is a central concern in educational planning and policy-making. It is not enough for an education system simply to expand access or increase enrolment. A good education system must also ensure that learners acquire relevant knowledge, skills, values, and competencies that enable them to participate effectively in social, economic, and civic life. In principle, the quality of education should be assessed not only by looking at educational inputs , but also by examining processes, outputs, and outcomes . Educational outcomes may include learning achievement, acquisition of basic life skills, citizenship, employability, and social development. However, because many of these outcomes are difficult to measure accurately, planners and education managers often rely on measurable indicators such as resources, teacher availability, facilities, and internal efficiency indicators. Internal efficiency indicators, including promotion rates, repetit...